US President Donald Trump has infuriated environmentalists by signing executive orders that support two controversial oil pipelines.
The new Republican president backed the Keystone XL and Dakota Access projects, provided American steel is used.
The Obama administration in late 2015 halted Keystone, which would carry crude from Canada to Texas.
The Army decided last year to explore other routes for the Dakota pipeline amid huge protests by Native Americans.
Keystone XL pipeline: Why is it so disputed?
Dakota Pipeline: What’s behind the controversy?
In the White House on Tuesday morning, Mr Trump said both projects would be subject to renegotiated terms and conditions.
As he signed the Keystone XL measure the president said it would create a “lot of jobs, 28,000 jobs, great construction jobs”.
Campaigners have said the project will leave only a handful of long-term positions after the pipeline is built.
Over the course of the Obama presidency, the Keystone XL Pipeline became more than just another energy industry construction project. It grew into a high-profile proxy fight between environmentalists and oil-and-gas advocates; liberals and conservatives; pro-regulation activists and small-government true believers.
On the campaign trail Donald Trump often cited the Obama administration’s reluctance to green-light the project as prima facia evidence of the Democratic Party’s anti-business attitudes. Now, with the swipe of a pen, he’s set make it much easier for the project to be completed – assuming the involved company still wants it.
Perhaps of more immediate concern is Mr Trump’s move to fast-track approval of the Dakota Access Pipeline, which was the focus of vigorous protests from Native American tribes in 2016. Unlike Keystone, that project has not been held in limbo for years.
Mr Trump’s actions do not mean the end of the fight over US pipeline construction, however. Opponents will continue to argue that they jeopardise sensitive environmental areas and violate private property rights. Now, however, instead of appealing to a potentially friendly Democratic administration, they will take the battle to the courts.
Signing another order calling for US steel to be used in construction of oil pipelines, Mr Trump said: “From now on we’re going to start making pipelines in the United States… like we used to do in the old days.”
Environmental groups reacted with outrage.
Greenpeace director Annie Leonard said that “instead of pushing bogus claims about the potential of pipelines to create jobs, Trump should focus his efforts on the clean energy sector where America’s future lives”.
Sierra Club Executive Director Michael Brune said: “Donald Trump has been in office for four days and he’s already proving to be the dangerous threat to our climate we feared he would be.
“Simply put, Donald Trump is who we thought he is: a person who will sell off Americans’ property and Tribal rights, clean air, and safe water to corporate polluters.”
In other developments:
Speaker of the House Paul Ryan said he disagrees with the president’s assessment that he lost the popular vote to Hillary Clinton because millions of illegal immigrants cast ballots
Mr Trump said in the Oval Office that he will next week announce his Supreme Court pick, which will require Senate approval
Senate committees approved Trump cabinet nominees Ben Carson for Housing; Elaine Chao for Transportation; and Wilbur Ross for Commerce
The Standing Rock Sioux Tribe, whose land abuts the proposed route of the Dakota Access pipeline, called Mr Trump’s decision a violation of “law and tribal treaties”, and vowed to take legal action.
“Americans know this pipeline was unfairly rerouted towards our nation and without our consent,” Tribal Chairman Dave Archambault II said in a statement.
“The existing pipeline route risks infringing on our treaty rights, contaminating our water and the water of 17 million Americans downstream.”
President Trump, who took office on Friday, promised during his White House campaign to support Keystone XL and fossil fuels, including the flagging US coal industry.
But during a Tuesday morning meeting with automobile executives at the White House, Mr Trump described himself as an environmentalist.
On Monday, he made similar comments to other business leaders, saying: “I’m a very big person when it comes to the environment. I have received awards on the environment.”
Canada lobbied hard for years for the approval of the Keystone XL pipeline under former-Prime Minister Stephen Harper, who once said that authorising the new oil sands pipeline was a “complete no-brainer”.
His successor, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, also supports the project and has said he intends to work with President Trump to approve the pipeline, proposed by Calgary-based energy infrastructure giant TransCanada.
On Tuesday, Canada’s natural resources minister praised Mr Trump’s step as very positive for Canada.
During his campaign, Mr Trump called upon TransCanada to resubmit their proposal for a construction permit.
Keystone XL would carry Canadian oil sands crude 1,179 miles (1,897km) from Alberta to US Gulf coast refineries.
The planned Dakota Access pipeline would run 1,100 miles from North Dakota to Illinois.
Pipeline advocates argue that it is a safer means of transporting oil across the country, compared to road or rail.
A pipeline in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan ruptured last week, pouring more than 50,000 gallons (200,000 litres) on to tribal lands.
Authorities have not yet specified which energy company owns the damaged pipeline.
(BBC)
